The impact of artificial intelligence on education: A systematic literature review
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Student learning outcomes, Teaching effectiveness, Educational technologyAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gradually being used in education, altering how we teach and learn. To inform educational policy and practice, we need to know from the existing empirical literature whether AI improves student outcomes, engagement in learning, teaching effectiveness, or assessment. Methods A systematic literature review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. We conducted a Google Scholar search of peer-reviewed studies on the use of AI in education, personalized learning, student outcomes, and teaching effectiveness published between January 1st and September 30th in the years 2022–26. Following deduplication, 153 entries were screened by title and abstract against eight predefined criteria (five associated with inclusion and three associated with exclusion). The eligibility of 23 full-text articles was assessed, leading to the qualitative synthesis of 21 of them. The 21 studies included personalized learning systems, adaptive platforms, AI chatbots, gamification tools, and assessment systems across K–12 and higher education levels. Data consistently revealed that AI-based approaches had a positive impact on academic achievement, with effect sizes in language learning, mathematics, science, and management education ranging from moderate to large. Personalized content, timely feedback, and adaptive scaffolding have emerged from AI systems to augment student engagement and motivation. While teachers cited positive pedagogical impacts, implementation hurdles, including technical issues and professional development, existed. AI-powered assessment tools also enhance the quality of feedback and track progress. The results show that AI improves learning outcomes, engagement, teaching effectiveness, and assessment accuracy. Devoted and effective implementation demands the necessary foundation, teacher training, and alignment with the curriculum. This includes the need to explore long-term implications, as well as design for equity and implementation of optimal integration strategies.
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